Esquizencefalia de diagnóstico prenatal: reporte de caso

La esquizencefalia es una malformación cerebral congénita del grupo de trastornos de migración neuronal, tiene una prevalencia de 1,54/100 000 nacidos vivos, por lo cual, se considera extremadamente rara. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un caso de esquizencefalia fetal de labio abierto, el subtipo de peor pronóstico, cuya sospecha diagnóstica se realiza con ecografía prenatal y se confirma mediante la resonancia magnética fetal. Actualmente, en Colombia no se cuenta con este tipo de reporte de casos.

Schizencephaly is a congenital brain malformation, which is part of the group of neuronal migration disorders, which has a prevalence of 1,54/100 000 in live births, which is why it is considered extremely rare in Colombia. The objective of this article is to present a case of open-lip fetal schizencephaly, the subtype with the worst prognosis, whose suspected diagnosis is made with prenatal ultrasound and confirmed by fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Currently, this type of report is not available in Colombia.

Paraplegia due to spinal meningioma during the third trimester of pregnancy: case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Spinal meningiomas represent 25-45% of intradural spinal tumors and ~2% of meningiomas of the central nervous system (CNS), and their occurrence during pregnancy is unusual. We present an updated literature review. CASE REPORT: A 36-year-old woman, at 32.6 weeks of gestation, was hospitalized for urinary tract infection and urinary retention. One month earlier, she had decreased strength in lower limbs, and this weakness rapidly progressed to flaccid paraplegia without sphincters control. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-defined intradural extramedullary lesion in T3-T4. Using a posterolateral approach, the tumor was completely removed; however, there was no clinical improvement, and the patient was discharged with an impairment scale (AIS) grade A. Histopathology examination indicated a psammomatous meningioma. DISCUSSION: Meningiomas are benign tumors that are slowly progressive; however, the hemodynamic and hormonal changes of pregnancy are related to their accelerated growth. Reports show that the onset of the symptoms during the third trimester of pregnancy, including early neurological symptoms or signs of spinal cord compression, can be easily attributed to those of pregnancy by both the patient and the doctor. The time to diagnosis and medulla compression time are thus prolonged, which can be further compounded in middle-high income countries due to limitations in obtaining images for evaluation. Although rare, spinal meningiomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with neurological symptoms during pregnancy. Their early recognition is important to avoid irreversible neurological damage.

Nivel de conocimientos de los obstetras acerca del diagnóstico y tratamiento de la isoinmunización materna: Estudio de corte transversal en Bogotá (Colombia), 2012-2013 / Level of knowledge among obstetricians regarding diagnosis and treatment of maternal isoimmunization: Cross-sectional study in Bogotá (Colombia), 2012-2013

Objetivo: describir el nivel de conocimientos acerca del diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de la isoinmunización materna entre los especialistas de Ginecología y Obstetricia afiliados a la Asociación Bogotana de Perinatología (ABP). Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Entre noviembre de 2012 y marzo de 2013, se aplicó una encuesta elaborada por especialistas en Medicina Materno-Fetal (MMF). Se excluyeron los profesionales que ejercen su actividad fuera del territorio nacional, aquellos que no han practicado la obstetricia durante los últimos diez años y a quienes no suministraron la totalidad de la información requerida. El instrumento estuvo compuesto por 18 preguntas organizadas en tres dominios: características sociodemográficas, información sobre la práctica clínica y conocimientos. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis en la materia. Resultados: el instrumento se aplicó a 220 profesionales de los cuales 127 (57,7 %) respondieron la encuesta en su totalidad y fueron incluidos en el análisis. El 32 % de los obstetras y el 45 % de los especialistas en MMF identificaron correctamente el punto de corte para el coombs indirecto. El 43 y 62 % de los obstetras y especialistas en MMF reconocieron el papel de la velocimetría de la arteria cerebral media para el diagnóstico de anemia fetal, y el 82 y 76 % respectivamente la utilizarían en el seguimiento del feto anémico. Tan solo el 76 % de los obstetras y el 66 % de los especialistas en MMF reconocen las indicaciones de culminar la gestación en caso de anemia fetal, en tanto que el 90 y 97 % (respectivamente) identificaron cuándo realizar cordocentesis y transfusión in utero. Finalmente, el 37 % de los obstetras y el 48 % de los especialistas en MMF no reconocen a la curva de Queenan-Liley como una alternativa cuando no hay acceso al Doppler fetal. Conclusión: existe una importante variabilidad con respecto al nivel de conocimientos de los obstetras y especialistas en MMF en cuanto al diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de las gestantes con isoinmunización. Se requieren más estudios que caractericen la variabilidad en la práctica clínica acerca del diagnóstico y tratamiento de la isoinmunización materna en Colombia.

Objective: To describe the level of knowledge regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of maternal isoimmunisation among Gynaecology and Obstetrics specialists, members of ABP (Asociación Bogotana de Perinatología). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. A questionnaire prepared by specialists in Maternal and Foetal Medicine (MFM) was administered between November 2012 and March 2013. Professionals practicing outside the national territory, those who had not practiced over the past ten years, and those who did not provide all the information required were excluded. The tool consisted of 18 questions organized in three domains: socio-demographic characteristics, information about clinical practice, and knowledge of the subject. A descriptive statistical analysis was used. Results: Of the 220 practitioners who were given the questionnaire, 127 (57.7%) completed the survey and were included in the analysis. The cut-off point for the indirect Coombs was correctly identified by 32% of the obstetricians and by 45% of the specialists in MFM. The role of middle cerebral artery velocimetry for the diagnosis of foetal anaemia was recognized by 43% and 62% of obstetricians and specialists in MFM, and 82% and 76%, respectively, would use it for the follow-up of foetuses with anaemia. Only 76% of obstetricians and 66% of MFM specialists recognized the indications for delivering the baby in cases of foetal anaemia, whereas 90% and 97%, respectively, identified the timing for cordocentesis and in utero transfusion. Finally, 37% of obstetricians and 48% of MFM specialists did not recognize the Queenan-Liley curve as an option in cases where there is no access to foetal Doppler. Conclusion: There is an important variability in the level of knowledge among obstetricians and MFM specialists regarding the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of pregnant women with isoimmunisation. Additional studies are required to characterize the variability in clinical practice regarding the diagnosis and treatment of maternal isoimmunisation in Colombia.